A to Z Cities: Montenegro

In this Quick GeoFact post, some of MONTENEGRO’s towns, cities, and villages are alphabetized in an A to Z list below! Would you want to see a future A to Z Cities post for a particular country? Let me know with a comment or email!

A — Andrijevica
B — Berane, Bijelo Polje, Boan, Bobovište, Bolesestra, Boljanići, Budva, and Bukovac
C — Cetinje, Čevo, Crkvice, and Crnča
D — Danilovgrad, Dobrota, and Dubrovsko
E — Erakovići
F — Femića Krš and Fundina
G — Grahovo, Gornja Bukovica, Gusinje, and Gvozd
H — Herceg-Novi
I — Igalo
J — Jahovići
K — Kolašin, Kotor, Kovren, and Krute
L — Laholo and Lever Tara
M — Mahala, Mateševo, Mojkovac, Morakovo, and Murino
N — Nikšić
O — Odžac
P — Pavino Polje, Petrovac, Plav, Pljevlja, Plužine, Podgorica (national capital), and Popov Do
Q — Qafa (also known as Ćafa) and Qurkaj (also known as Ćurke)
R — Rastovac, Ridinice, Risan, and Rožaje
S — Šavnik, Sjenoste, and Srpska
T — Tivat, Trpezi, Trubjela, and Tuzi
U — Ubli and Ulcinj
V — Velje Duboko and Vilusi
W — there are none (as far as I know)
X — there are none (as far as I know)
Y — Ymerbozhaj (also known as Bozhaj or Omerbožovići)
Z — Žabljak, Zagrad, and Zlijebi

Montenegro Exports

According to MIT's Observatory of Economic Complexity (atlas.media.mit.edu), the following items are major exports of MONTENEGRO: aircraft parts, aluminum, ammunition, animal hides, automobiles, beer, building stone, dried fruit, dried legumes, electric batteries, electricity to neighboring countries, essential oil, frozen fruit and nuts, frozen vegetables, grapes, iron, lead ore, meat, medical supplies, melons, military weapons, newspapers, orthopedic devices, peaches, petroleum, plums, recreational boats, refrigerators, sausage, seafood, spice seeds, steel, tobacco, transmissions, wheat flour, wine, wood, and zinc ore. According to the International Monetary Fund (data.imf.org), countries and territories buying and importing most of those exports (February 2017 statistics) include Serbia (top importer), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Kosovo, Slovenia, Albania, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland, Italy, Turkey, Ukraine, France, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Russia, China, Croatia, and Pakistan.

Montenegro Endangered Species

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ for MONTENEGRO (Montenegrin: Crna Gora) in Southeastern Europe lists 1 extinct species (Chondrostoma scodrense fish), 15 critically endangered species, and 30 endangered species. Montenegro's critically endangered species include the Adriatic Sturgeon, Balearic Shearwater, Blue Skate, European Eel, European Mink, Monkfish, Northern Bald Ibis, Slender-billed Curlew bird, and Vinodolia matjasici freshwater snail. The aforementioned snail species is only found in a spring near the village of Lipovik and Lake Skadar (Scutari). Albanian Water Frog, Adriatic Salmon, Blackchin Guitarfish, Bushy Coral, Giant Devil Ray, Huchen fish, Rough Ray, Sandy Skate, White-footed Crayfish, and other species are endangered in Montenegro. Access my Montenegro post for more information about this republic!

Former Names of Capitals

Quite a few capitals previously had different names. The following is a list of many, definitely not all, of the capitals that had different names in the past — they are categorized by continent.

AFRICA
Bujumbura, BURUNDI's former capital (Gitega is the new capital since 2019), was called Usumbura until 1962.
N'Djamena, CHAD's capital, was called Fort Lamy until 1973.
Kinshasa, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO's capital, was called Léopoldville until 1966.
Banjul, the capital of GAMBIA, was named Bathurst until 1973.
Antananarivo, MADAGASCAR's capital, was named Tananarive until 1975.
Maputo, MOZAMBIQUE's capital, was named Lourenço Marques until Mozambique's independence in 1976.
Harare, ZIMBABWE's capital, was named Salisbury until 1982.

ASIA
Tbilisi, GEORGIA's capital, was known as Tpilisi (Georgian) or Tiflis (Russian) until 1936.
Jakarta, INDONESIA's highly-populated capital, was known as Sunda Kelapa, then Jayakata, then Batavia, then Djakarta from 1949 to 1972.
Tokyo, JAPAN's capital located on the island of Honshu, was previously named Edo until 1868.
Astana, KAZAKHSTAN's capital, was known as Tselinograd, then Aqmola.
Bishkek, KYRGYZSTAN's capital, was named Pishpek until 1926 and Frunze until 1991, the fall of the Soviet Union.
Ulaanbaatar, MONGOLIA's capital, was known as Ugra until 1924.
Dushanbe, TAJIKISTAN's capital, was called Dyushambe until 1929 and received the name Stalinagrad until 1961.
Ankara, TURKEY's capital, was called Angora until 1930.
Ashgabat, TURKMENISTAN's capital, was called Poltoratsk from 1919 until 1927.

EUROPE
Belgrade, SERBIA's capital, was known as Singidunum in ancient times.
Podgorica, MONTENEGRO's capital, was known as Birziminium before the 11th century, Ribnica during the Middle Ages, and Titograd from 1946 to 1992. The capital possessed the name Podgorica in 1326 until 1946, resuming in 1992.

SOUTH AMERICA
Sucre, one of two capitals of BOLIVIA and named in honor of Antonio José de Sucre, was called Chuquisaca until 1825.

Credit goes to the New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd Edition, which conveniently listed former capital names.

SE Europe Week — #3

Largest Lakes in Southeast Europe
Lacul Razim (Lake Razim), located in ROMANIA in the Danube Delta, is the largest lake in all of the countries that I've previously listed (the true definition of SE Europe varies from source to source and atlas to atlas); Lacul Sinoie, which is south of Lake Razim, also belongs on the list. Lake Scutari, also known as Lake Skadar, is located on the border with ALBANIA and MONTENEGRO. Lake Ohrid, in eastern ALBANIA and southwestern MACEDONIA, and Lake Prespa (also known as the Great Prespa), situated on top of the ALBANIA, GREECE, and MACEDONIA border, are close to each other (Lake Ohrid is northwest of Lake Prespa). Lastly, there are a few remarkable lakes in stretching across northern GREECE, like Límni Vólvi and Límni Kerkinitis. Now you know the largest lakes in Southeast Europe!

Montenegro

MONTENEGRO (Crna Gora, "Black Mountain") is located in Southeastern Europe. This country, which was formerly part of Serbia, borders the Adriatic Sea and 5 countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Serbia; Montenegro has a small border with Croatia. The capital of Montenegro is Podgorica. Montenegrin is the country's official language. An annual celebration on May 21st commemorates the independence of Montenegro (2006) from the larger Serbia and Montenegro country. July 13th is also celebrated for the Berlin Congress declaring Montenegro as independent in 1878. The former currency of Montenegro was the Deutsche Mark of Germany, which was used until 2002. Currently as of April 2016, the Euro is used by Montenegrins. The country does not circulate Euro coins with its own national designs, although this could change in the future.